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Viscosity of Diesel Fuel

Description

Petroleum Diesel

Generally, diesel fuel is liquid fuel to power diesel engines used mainly in road vehicles, water crafts, rail vehicles and stationary engines. It is a hydrocarbon mixture with approx. 8 to 21 carbon atoms per molecule obtained by crude oil distillation. Additionally, it contains additives. The most common grade is diesel fuel No. 2. An important parameter for the quality of a diesel fuel is the cetane number. The minimum cetane number is 51 according to EN 590. Higher cetane numbers are an indicator of better ignitability of the fuel when injected into the cylinder filled with hot compressed air. Viscosity is generally an important parameter for diesel fuel. Fuel which is too highly viscous can cause damage in the fuel pump (e.g. cam and follower wear) due to higher pressure. Too low viscosity may lead to a lack of lubrication. Viscosity also influences the fuel delivery rate and the atomization of the fuel during injection.

Biodiesel

Biodiesel or FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) is an alternative diesel fuel derived from renewable feedstocks such as used cooking oils, rapeseed oil, animal fat or soybean oil. It is obtained by transesterification. Pure biodiesel is known as B100. Mixtures of biodiesel with petroleum diesel are named as BXX, where XX is the percentage of biodiesel in the blend.

By the way - petroleum diesel also contains up to 7 % biodiesel according to country-specific laws.

Viscosity Tables – Measurement data

Data Petroleum Diesel

Petroleum Diesel Temp. [°C] Kin. Viscosity [mm²/s] Specified Kin. Viscosity [mm²/s] Measured Density [g/cm³]
Grades LS#1, No. 1-D (ASTM D975) 40 1.3 - 2.4    
Grades LS#2, No. 2-D (ASTM D975) 40 1.9 - 4.1 2.98  
EN 590 40 2.0 - 4.5    
15     0.820 - 0.845
Grade No. 4-D 40 5.5 - 24.0    
Winter quality 40 as given above    
-20 max. 48 (if CFPP -20 °C or below)    

Data Biodiesel

Biodiesel Temp. [°C] Kin. Viscosity [mm²/s] Specified Kin. Viscosity [mm²/s] Measured
DIN EN 14214 40 3.5 - 5.0  
ASTM D6751 40 1.9 - 6.0 4.31
Winter quality 40 as given above  
-20 max. 48 (if CFPP -20 °C or below)  

Reference

EN 590, ASTM D975, DIN EN 14214, ASTM D6751, measured with SVM™

Metainformation

Reference EN 590, ASTM D975, DIN EN 14214, ASTM D6751, measurement with SVM™
Kin. vis. yes
Dyn. vis. no
Density yes
Multiple temperatures yes
Related Diesel fuel, No. 2 diesel, biodiesel, B100, kinematic viscosity